Inclusion at the Core of Future-proof VET in Europe

Inclusion at the Core of Future-proof VET in Europe

In September 2026, CEDEFOP published the paper “Inclusion at the Core of Future-proof VET in Europe”, providing insights from national policy monitoring and analysis. The paper shows how countries across Europe are creating more flexible and accessible learning opportunities, helping people gain recognised skills, stay in education, and move into employment. It highlights practical solutions such as individualised guidance, digital service, early warning support for learners at risk, while emphasising that inclusion, quality and excellence in VET must go hand in hand.

Facts and findings

• Inclusion measures reflect national needs and priorities.
• Flexible pathways, VET programme modularisation, microcredentials, guidance in labour market transitions, and financial incentives open more routes to learning.
• Validation and recognition of skills and prior learning have been specifically instrumental for newly arriving migrants and refugees.
• Data-sharing and early warning arrangements are most effective to preventing early leaving from education and training.
• Awareness-raising campaigns and role-model initiatives promote female participation in STEM and other non-traditional fields.
• Investment in digital infrastructure and online services is expanding access and reducing barriers to learning.

Key messages

• Inclusion has been on the policy agenda for a long time but it is still a concern. 
• Inclusion is linked to VET attractiveness, quality and excellence.
• Inclusiveness is evolving from support for vulnerable groups towards VET systems that respond to the needs of all learners.
• Lifelong guidance and individualised assistance help learners access VET, stay engaged and move into employment.
• Digital technologies and online services can improve access to learning, but support is needed to avoid leaving some learners behind.
• Professional development is crucial for teachers, trainers and institutions’ capacity to support diverse learners.
• Cooperation of policy makers, social partners, employers strengthens the impact of inclusion measures.

Policy pointers

• Inclusion by design not as an exception – embed inclusion as a whole-system principle in VET.
• Expand learner-centred approaches – flexible and individualised learning for every learner.
• Scale what works – better use the existing evidence and tools.
• Use connected data to identify risks and act early.
• Balance inclusion, quality and excellence in VET.

CEDEFOP Paper “Inclusion at the core of future-proof VET in Europe” available here.